G.
改革开放 reform and opening-up; reform and opening to the outside

world
改革开放的总设计师　 chief architect of the reform and opening up

policy
改革开放和社会主义现代化建设 reform and opening and in the

modernization drive
改革试点 pilot reform; reform experimentation; pilot restructuring

enterprise
盖洛普民意调查 Gallup Poll
盖帽了 great; excellent; wonderful
概念车 concept car
概念商品 concept goods
改善农民进城就业环境 improve the employment environment for rural

workers in cities
改善农牧民生产生活条件 improve the living and production conditions

of farmers and herdsmen
改善缺医少药的状况 alleviate the shortage of medical services and

medicines
改制上市 (of an enterprise)get listed on the stock market after

being re-organized according the modern corporate system
改革开放和现代化建设的全过程 the entire process of reform, opening-

up and modernization
干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化 make the ranks of cadres more

revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and

professionally more competent
干部下放 arrange for cadres to go to work at grassroots units or

participate in physical labor
感到不妙 I smell a rat.
尴尬，困境，糟糕 pretty pass
甘居下游 be resigned to backwardness
感情投资 investment in human relationships
赶时髦 follow the fashion; want to be in the swim of things
干细胞 stem cell
感谢款待的信 a bread and butter letter (a letter sent as thanks for

being treated well as someone's guest)
赶超先进 surpass the advanced
港澳台 Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
港人治港 Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong
岗位津贴 post allowance
岗位培训 on-the-job training　
岗位责任制　 work post responsibility
港务局 port office; harbor authority
高保真音乐 hi-fi music
高材生 top student
高层次、全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue
高产优质 high yield and high quality
告吹 fizzle out; fall through; fail
高等教育“211工程” the “211” Project for higher education
高等教育自学考试 self-study higher education examination
高度自治 high degree of autonomy
高端产品 high-end product
高发期 high-incidence season
高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高峰 peak time
高峰论坛 summit forum
高干 high-ranking official; senior cadre
高杠杆交易机构 highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)
高官会 Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
搞花架子 do something superficial
搞活国营大中型企业 invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned

enterprises
告急 be in an emergency; report an emergency; ask for emergency

help
高级检察官 senior public procurator
高级经理人员 high-level managerial personnel; senior personnel
高级商务师 certified business executive; senior business engineer;

high-level economist; senior commercialist
高级设备 sophisticated equipment
高技术产业化 apply high technology to production
高架公路 elevated highway; overhead road
高架轻轨 elevated railway
高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology
高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想 hold high the

banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts

of "Three Represents"
高考 college (or university) entrance examination
高科技板块 high-tech sector
高难度动作 stunner, stunt
高清晰度 high definition
高清晰度电视 high definition TV
高手 master hand, expert
(精通电脑和网络的)高手 geek
高危人群 high-risk group
高消费 high consumption
高效节能 energy-efficient
高校扩招后首批毕业生 college graduates who were the first to be

enrolled under the college expansion of 1999
高校扩招计划 college expansion plan
告小状 secretly report on somebody; rat on somebody
高新技术产业开发区 high-tech industrial development zone
高新技术产业化 industrial application of new and high technologies
高压手段 high-pressure tactics
高原反应,高山反应 altitude stress; altitude sickness
高知 high-level intellectual
高指标 high target
高致病性禽流感 highly pathogenic bird flu
个案 individual case (involving special circumstances)
各大菜系 major styles of cooking
个股 individual share
各行各业 every walk of life
隔行扫描 interlacing scan
各尽所能 let each person do his best; from each according to his

ability
各就各位 On your marks!
隔离病房 isolation ward
(公路）隔离带 median strip
格列佛游记 Gulliver's Travels
革命老区 old revolutionary base areas
革命气派 revolutionary mettle
革命伤残军人 disabled revolutionary servicemen
鸽派 dove faction
个人成就感 sense of personal achievement
个人储蓄帐户 personal savings account
个人购房贷款 individual housing loan
个人结算帐户 personal clearing account
个人理财计划 personal financing plan
各人民团体 mass organizations
个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual

incomes for tax payment
个人收入调节税 individual (personal) income regulation tax
个人数字助理 PDA (personal digital assistant)
个人所得税 personal income tax
个人信用制度 individual credit rating system
个人演唱会 solo concert
个人银行卡帐户 personal bank card account
个人质押贷款 personal pledged loan
各人自扫门前雪， 莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one's own potatoes
个体户，个体经营 privately or individually-owned business
个体经济 private economy
根本政治制度 fundamental political system
跟屁虫 1.one's shadow; to tag along; 2. flatterer, boot licker,

ass-kisser, brown-noser
跟着感觉走 go with the flow; follow one's heart; do what one thinks

is right
跟踪审计 follow-up auditing
根除腐败 root out corruption; eliminate corruption
更加注重搞好宏观调控，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重以人为本 pay more

attention to exercising macro-control, balancing the interests of

all parties, putting people first.
更快、更高、更强（奥运精神） Citius, Altius, Fortius ( Faster,

Higher, Stronger--Olympic Spirit )
《更紧密经贸关系的安排》 CEPA; Closer Economic Partnership

Arrangement
个人护理用品 personal care supplies
个人隐私 individual privacy
各种所有制金融企业 financial enterprises of different ownership
工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting
共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商 multi-party cooperation and

political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party
工程公司 engineering company
工程验收 acceptance check of work
公房商品化 commercialization of public housing
公费旅游 junket; facility trip
公费医疗 free medical service; free medicare; public health service
功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.
工夫茶 congou--a kind of Chinese black tea prepared with care
功夫片 kungfu film
公告板服务 Bulletin Board Service (BBS)
公共卫生设施 public health infrastructure
公关 public relations
攻关 tackle a critical point
攻关计划 the Program for Tackling Key Problems
公积金 public accumulation fund; public reserve funds
公检法机关 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's

courts
公开喊价市场 open outcry market
公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds
工龄工资 seniority pay
公民投票 referendum; plebiscite
公平定价 arm's-length pricing
公平合理 fairness and justifiableness
工商局 industrial and commercial bureau
工商联营 combined management of industry and commerce
工时 man-hour
公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company
公私合营 public-private joint management
公司债券 corporate bond
共同安全 common security
共同富裕 common prosperity
共同利益 common interests
公务员 civil servant
恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!; Wish you prosperity.
工薪阶层 salaried person/group
公休 work recess
供养资金 funding
工业股票 industrial stock
工业化和城镇化水平 levels of industrialization and urbanization
工业控制一体化 integrated industrial control; industrial control of

integration
工业停滞 industrial stagnation
工业园区 industrial park
公益广告 public-interest ad
公益活动 public benefit activities
公益林 public welfare forest
公益性文化事业 non-profit cultural undertakings
公益性文化事业 non-profit cultural undertakings
公证 notary service
公证财产 notarize the properties
公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open
公众投资 public investments
工资税 payroll tax
工资削减 pay-cut
工作狂 workaholic
工作室 studio
工作午餐 working lunch
公平竞争 fair competition
公共汽车候车亭 bus shelter
公共文化基础设施 culture-related facilities for public use
公开或变相涨价 to raise prices openly or in convert forms
公司犯罪 corporate abuse / crime / cheat / fraud / wrongdoing /

misconduct
共同关心的问题 issue of common concern
共同基金 mutual funds
公有制 public ownership
公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度 the basic economic

system of keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy

and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side
工资正常增长机制 a mechanism for regular pay increases
购买力 purchasing power
购买欲 desire to buy; desire to purchase
狗腿子 henchman; lackey; hired thug
购物车 shopping trolley
购物券 coupon
构想 conceptualization
狗仔队 "dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It

refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of

celebrities.)"
股本 share capital
股本回报率 return on equity
股本金 equity capital
固定电话运营商 fixed-line telecom carrier
固定电话初装费 installation fees for fixed-line telephones
固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets; fixed asset investment
股东会 board of shareholders
股份公司 joint-stock company
股份合作制 shareholding cooperative system
有限责任公司 limited liability company
股份有限公司 limited liability company
股份制 shareholding system; joint-stock system
骨干企业 key enterprise
鼓励奖 consolation prize
股民 investor
股票期权 the stock option
股票转让制度 the stock-transfer system
股市行情 the ups and downs of the stock market
股指 stock index
刮鼻子 criticize; reprimand
挂靠 be attached or affiliated to; be subordinate to
挂靠户 an adjunct organization
挂牌开业 hang out one's shingle; put one's name plate in (a certain

street)
挂职 1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself); 2)

serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's

position in the previous unit
挂职下放 transfer to lower units with one's post retained
关闭效应 blackout effect
观潮派 those who take a wait-and-see attitude; fence-straddler
观光电梯 sightseeing (tourist) lift
关联交易 connected transaction
关贸总协定(世界贸易组织的前身) GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs

and Trade)
关门态度 closed-door attitude
官商 state-operated commerce
关税壁垒 customs barrier; tariff wall
关税配额 tariff quota
关停并转 close down, suspend operation, merge with others or shift

to different line of production; rationalize
观望态度 wait-and-see attitude
关系网 connection network; relationship network
关于进一步加强农村教育工作的决定 Decision on Further Strengthening

Rural Education
冠状病毒 corona virus
广播电视大学 radio and television university
光碟，光盘 compact disk; CD
广而告之 publicize widely
广告词 jingle
广告代理行 advertising agent
广告电话直销 direct response advertising
广告画 poster
广告妙语 attention-getter
广告人 advertising man; adman
广告宣传车 loudspeaker van; sound truck
光谷 optical valley
光机电一体化 "optical, mechanical and electronic integration"
广交会 The China Export Commodities Fair
广开财路 make full use of all talents
广开就业门路 create more employment opportunities
光缆 optic cable
光盘杂志 CD-ROM magazine
光通信 photo-communication; optical communication
广域网 wide area network (WAN)
广种薄收 extensive cultivation; wide sowing but meager harvest—a

method of cultivation: the cultivated area is large but the per

area yield is relatively low
管理办法 measures for administration
管理规定 provisions on administration
管理条例 regulations on administration
官煤勾结 government officials in cahoots with coalmine operators;

government officials act in collusion with coalmine operators
股权分置改革 state share sale reform; equity division reform; split

-share reform
关税下调 tariff reduction
关系户 closely-related units
《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》 Special Regulations for

Preventing Coalmine Accidents
固定汇率 fixed exchange rate
股份制改造 shareholding reform
规避 circumvention
轨道站 orbit station
规范分配秩序 Rationalize the relations of income distribution
规范民办教育 standardize non-government funded schools
归国留学生 returned students
归口管理 put under centralized management by specialized

departments; centralized management by specified departments
规模经济 scale economy, economies of scale
规模经营 scale management
规模效益 scale merit
归侨 returned overseas Chinese
皈依三宝 become a Buddhist
轨道舱 orbital module
鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济 encourage, support and guide the growth

of the non-public sector of the economy
滚雪球 snowball -- (of a plan, problem, etc.) to grow bigger on an

increasing rate
国奥队 the National Olympic Team
国产化率 import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and

components
过度放牧 overgraze
过度开垦 excess land reclamation
过度投资行业 over-invested industries
国防动员体制 the mobilization for national defense
国防动员体制 the mobilization system for national defense
国防科工委 State Commission of Science and Technology for National

Defense Industry
国货 domestics
过火 go too far
国际奥委会 the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
国际标准化组织 ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
国际承诺 international commitments
国际公认的警戒线 internationally accepted alarm level
国际惯例 international common practice
国际海域 international waters
国际化战略 internationalization strategy
国际货币基金组织 IMF (International Monetary Fund)
国际禁止化学武器组织 organization for the prohibition of chemical

weapons (OPCW)
国际恐怖主义 international terrorism
国际劳工组织 ILO (International Labor Organization)
国际联盟 international coalition
国际贸易伙伴 international trading partner
国计民生 the national economy and the people's livelihood
《国际民用航空公约》(1944) The International Civil Aviation Covenant
国际清算 international settlement
国际日期变更线 International Date Line (IDL)
国际商业机器公司 International Business Machine Corporation (IBM)
国际社会 the international community
国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment
国际玩笑 play a large-scale joke
《国际先驱论坛报》 International Herald Tribune
国际自然保护联盟 International Union for Conservation of Nature and

Natural Resources
国际足球联盟 Federation Internationale de Football Association

(FIFA)
国家财政贴息贷款 discount government loan
国家创新体系 state innovation system
国家环保总局 State Environmental Protection Administration
国家级特殊津贴 special state allowance
国家级卫生城市 state-level hygiene city
国家经济体制改革委员会 the State Commission for Restructuring the

Economic Systems
国家控股公司 state-controlling company
国家普通话水平考试 National Proficiency Test of Putonghua
国家体育总局 State Physical Culture Administration
国家外汇储备 state foreign exchange reserves
国家一级保护 first-grade State protection
国家质量技术监督局 the State Bureau of Quality and Technical

Supervision
国家中长期科学和技术发展规划 a national medium- to long-range

program for scientific and technological development
国家重点科技攻关项目 national key scientific and technological

project
国脚 player of the national football team; footballer of the

national team
过境签证 transit visa
国库券 treasury bonds
过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork
国民党 Kuomintang
国民经济的综合平衡 overall balance in national economy
国民经济支柱产业 pillar industry in national economy
国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP)
国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP)
国内游 inbound tourism
过山车 roller coaster
国事访问 state visit
过失赔偿责任；无过失赔偿责任 liability with fault；liability without

fault
过失责任 liability of fault
国书 state credentials
国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Resources
国土资源管理 land and resources administration
国外旅游 overseas travel
国务卿 Secretary Of State (in America)
过硬 have a perfect mastery of
过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is

as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
国有独资商业银行 wholly state-funded commercial bank
国有股 state-owned shares
国有股减持 state stock reduction; reduce state's stake in listed

companies
国有及国有控股工业企业 state-owned industrial enterprises and

enterprises whose controlling stake was owned by the state
国有企业股份制改革继续推进 fresh progress was made in transforming

state-owned enterprises into stock companies
国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨 integrate the subsistence

allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance

system
国有商业银行股份制改造试点方案 pilot plan to transform state-owned

commercial banks into stock entities
国有资产管理体制 State property management system
国有资产监督管理委员会 the State-owned Assets Supervision and

Administration Commission
国有资产流失 loss of state-owned assets
国债贴息贷款 T-bond discount loans
国债投资 treasury bond investment
国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond
国债资金重点项目责任制 the responsibility system for key projects

funded by treasury bonds
果子狸 civet cat
过渡期 transitional period
国家计划和财政政策、货币政策等相互配合的宏观调控体系 the macro-

economic regulation system by integrating State planning with

fiscal and monetary policies
国家审判权 the judicial authority of the State
《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》 Master State Plan for Rapid

Response to Public Emergencies
国际部队 international forces
国际多边金融机构 international multilateral financial institution
国际关系民主化 practice democracy in international relations
国际社会 international community
国情 national conditions
国务委员 state councilor
国务院令 Decree of the State Council
国务院通知 Circular of the State Council
国有商业银行 State-owned commercial bank
国债余额管理方式 the method of outstanding balance management for

its national debt
股权分置 to float the non-tradable shares; equity division