Fighting Corruption

The World Bank has identified corruption as the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development.  It undermines development by distorting the rule of law and weakening the institutional foundation on which economic growth depends.

The harmful effects of corruption are especially severe on the poor, who are hardest hit by economic decline, are most reliant on the provision of public services, and are least capable of paying the extra costs associated with bribery, fraud, and the misappropriation of economic privileges.

Corruption sabotages policies and programs that aim to reduce poverty, so attacking corruption is critical to the achievement of the Bank’s mission of poverty reduction.  To reduce the corrosive impact of corruption in a sustainable way, it is important to go beyond the symptoms to tackle the causes of corruption.

Effective sanctions on politicians can be enhanced most effectively through a meaningful degree of political competition in the electoral process.  Such competition increases the likelihood that alternative candidates and parties will seek to expose corruption in government or hold politicians accountable for the poor performance associated with high levels of corruption.

While perceived corruption of a particular party or candidate has shown to influence voters’ decisions considerably, and therefore exposure of cases of political corruption is an effective deterrent to corrupt behavior, there are limits to the benefits of political competition.

Excessive political competition can become a destabilizing factor if it leads to fragmentation of the political system or if it undermines the legitimacy of existing state institutions.

参考译文： 
[replyview]与腐败现象作斗争
   
世界银行已认定腐败现象是经济和社会发展的唯一最大障碍。腐败扭曲法规并削弱经济增长所依赖的体制基础，从而破坏发展。
腐败现象对穷人有害影响尤为严重。受经济下滑打击最为沉重的穷人最依赖于公共服务的提供，并且最无力支付由贿赂、欺诈和挪用经济特权造成的额外费用。
腐败现象使旨在减少贫困的政策和计划受到破坏，因此打击腐败是世界银行实现减贫目标的关键。
    要持续性地减少腐败的有害影响，透过现象去消除腐败的成因是至关重要的。
   
在选举过程中进行有意义的政治竞争可以最有效地加强对政客们实施各种有效的制裁。这样的竞争使候选参选人和政党更有可能设法揭露政府的腐败现象或让政客们对因高度腐败而造成的糟糕业绩承担责任。

虽然已证明某一党派或候选人被认为有腐败行为会极大地影响选民投票的决定，因此揭露政治腐败案能有效地遏止腐败行为，但是政治竞争的益处也是有限的。
    
如果过度的政治竞争导致政治体系瓦解，或破坏了现存国家机构的合法性，这种竞争则成为一个不稳定的因素。[/replyview]

not the translation??

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