No.1 Australian Industrial Relations Commission

Industrial tribunals have been established by the Commonwealth and all State governments except for Victoria to deal with industrial relations matters. The Commonwealth Parliament power to make laws is in accordance with the heads of power provided in the Australian Constitution. In the main the Commonwealth’s power to regulate matters pertaining to industrial relations matters is contained in Section 51 of the Constitution. Sections 122 and 52 also provide heads of power with regard to territories and the government’s own employees, respectively.

Industrial Relations Power – Section 51 (xxxv) of the Constitution empowers the Commonwealth Parliament to make laws with respect to ‘conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State’. This section of the Constitution does not in itself permit the government to legislate to directly control wages and working conditions. This head of power does however provide for the establishment of courts and tribunals to regulate industrial relations at the Federal level.

Referral By States Power – Section 51(xxxvii) of the Constitution empowers the Commonwealth to make laws with respect to “Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law”. The Victorian Parliament has referred certain industrial relations matters to the Commonwealth by the Commonwealth Powers (Industrial Relations) Act 1996 (Vic.)(‘the Victorian Referral Act’).

Category: Law
Source: Adapted from: Australian Industrial Relations Commission website
  http://www.airc.gov.au/research/media/media.html
Word count: 250 words

参考译文：
澳大利亚工业关系委员会
        
    联邦政府和除维州以外的州政府都设立了工业仲裁庭以处理工业关系事务。联邦议会制定法律的权力是与《澳大利亚宪法》中所规定的权限相符的。联邦规定有关工业关系事务的权力大体上包括在《宪法》第51款中。《宪法》第122款和52款分别规定了有关各领地和政府本身雇员的法律权限。
    工业关系权力—《宪法》51款35项条授权联邦议会制定有关“为防止和解决超出任何一州权限的工业纠纷而进行的调解与仲裁”的法律。《宪法》这一节本身并没有允许政府立法以直接控制工资和工作条件。但是这一法律权限确实允许在联邦这一级建立法庭和仲裁庭以控制管理工业关系。
    各州提交委托权力—《宪法》第51款37项授权联邦制定有关“由任何一州的州议会或几个州的州议会提交委托给联邦议会的事项”的法律。“但是该法律只适用于那些提交委托该事项的州或那些后来采用该法律的州。”维州议会根据《1996年联邦权力（工业关系）法》（维州）（即《维州提交委托法》）(the Commonwealth Powers (Industrial Relations) Act 1996 (Vic.) ( “ the Victorian Referral Act”) )已将某些工业关系事务提交委托给联邦。

No.2

Australian Industrial Relations Commission

Industrial tribunals have been established by the Commonwealth and all State governments except for Victoria to deal with industrial relations matters. The Commonwealth Parliament power to make laws is in accordance with the heads of power provided in the Australian Constitution. In the main the Commonwealth’s power to regulate matters pertaining to industrial relations matters is contained in Section 51 of the Constitution. Sections 122 and 52 also provide heads of power with regard to territories and the government’s own employees, respectively.

Industrial Relations Power – Section 51 (xxxv) of the Constitution empowers the Commonwealth Parliament to make laws with respect to ‘conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State’. This section of the Constitution does not in itself permit the government to legislate to directly control wages and working conditions. This head of power does however provide for the establishment of courts and tribunals to regulate industrial relations at the Federal level.

Referral By States Power – Section 51(xxxvii) of the Constitution empowers the Commonwealth to make laws with respect to “Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law”. The Victorian Parliament has referred certain industrial relations matters to the Commonwealth by the Commonwealth Powers (Industrial Relations) Act 1996 (Vic.)(‘the Victorian Referral Act’).

Category: Law
Source: Adapted from: Australian Industrial Relations Commission website
  http://www.airc.gov.au/research/media/media.html
Word count: 250 words

参考译文：
澳大利亚工业关系委员会
        
    联邦政府和除维州以外的州政府都设立了工业仲裁庭以处理工业关系事务。联邦议会制定法律的权力是与《澳大利亚宪法》中所规定的权限相符的。联邦规定有关工业关系事务的权力大体上包括在《宪法》第51款中。《宪法》第122款和52款分别规定了有关各领地和政府本身雇员的法律权限。
    工业关系权力—《宪法》51款35项条授权联邦议会制定有关“为防止和解决超出任何一州权限的工业纠纷而进行的调解与仲裁”的法律。《宪法》这一节本身并没有允许政府立法以直接控制工资和工作条件。但是这一法律权限确实允许在联邦这一级建立法庭和仲裁庭以控制管理工业关系。
    各州提交委托权力—《宪法》第51款37项授权联邦制定有关“由任何一州的州议会或几个州的州议会提交委托给联邦议会的事项”的法律。“但是该法律只适用于那些提交委托该事项的州或那些后来采用该法律的州。”维州议会根据《1996年联邦权力（工业关系）法》（维州）（即《维州提交委托法》）(the Commonwealth Powers (Industrial Relations) Act 1996 (Vic.) ( “ the Victorian Referral Act”) )已将某些工业关系事务提交委托给联邦。

No.3

Foreign Language Learning And Teaching

To many people, the most obvious way of reducing some of the power of the language barrier is to promote the teaching and learning of foreign languages in a variety of child and adult educational settings. This widely practised approach is undoubtedly very successful, as can be judged by the millions who succeed in mastering a foreign language.

English-speaking monoglots often express amazement at the linguistic proficiency displayed by foreigners and conclude that foreigners must have a “gift” for language learning, which they lack, or that English must be a particularly easy language to learn.

There’s no basis for these suggestions. A few gifted language learners do exist, but most people arrive at their fluency only as a result of hard work, expended over a considerable period of time.

On the other hand, there is also a great deal of educational failure and lack of achievement in the language-learning field, which also requires explanations.

Many people, from a variety of linguistic backgrounds, are acutely embarrassed by their linguistic inadequacy when travelling abroad, and wish to overcome it. Many have tried to learn a foreign language, but have made little progress in it.

It is therefore important to study the factors that govern success or failure in this field ---such as the soundness of teaching methods, the attitudes and motivation of the learner, the availability of time and opportunities to learn, the adequacy of resources, and the chance to put the language to active use.

Category:     Education
Source:        Adapted from: The Cambridge Encyclopaedia, published by Cambridge 
                    University Press, 2001
Words:        250

外语教学
对许多人来说，减少语言障碍影响的最明显方法就是在各类儿童及成人教育背景当中推广外语教学。这种被广泛采用的方法无疑是非常成功的，这一点可以从数百万成功地掌握一门外语的人身上得到证明。
以英语作为单一母语的人士经常赞叹外国人呈现出的对语言的精通，于是断言，外国人一定具有学习语言的“天赋”， 而他们自己却没有；或者认为英语一定是一种特别容易学习的语言。
这些观点是没有根据的。语言学习天才确实是有一些，但大多数人是通过相当一段时间的努力学习才熟练地掌握了外语。
另一方面，在语言学习领域里也存在着大量教育失败和成果缺乏的现象，这也是有待作出解释的。
许多不同语言背景的人士在国外旅行时，因存在着语言上的缺陷而深感尴尬，于是希望能克服。许多人曾试图学习一门外语，但所获甚少。
因此，对决定这个领域成败与否的因素进行研究是非常重要的---例如：教学方法的完善性、学习者的态度与动机、学习时间与学习机会是否具备、资源的充足性以及活用语言的机会。

No.4

Hand-Held Scanner Could Detect Tumours

It sounds too good to be true, but two independent studies appear to show that tumours can be detected by scanning people with a hand-held device similar to the metal detectors used to frisk airline passengers.

The development holds the prospect of a mass-screening technology that is cheap, quick and non-invasive.

The idea for the scanner came about after physicist Clarbruno Vedruccio, at the University of Bologna, Italy, designed a detector for non-metallic landmines and plastic explosives. It occurred to him that it might also be able to locate cancerous tissues in people. 

Called the Trimprobe---short for Tissue Resonance Interferometer---the device is a white plastic baton, inside which, an antenna produces a beam of microwaves that vary in frequency from 400 to 1350 megahertz.

To use it, the baton is simply swiped over the body---with no need for patients to undress. When the Trimprobe’s electromagnetic signal hits biological tissues, Vedruccio says they resonate at certain frequencies and produce a signal that interferes with the original incoming signal. The amount of interference is then detected by a receiving antenna in the probe.

Unlike MRI scanners, Vedruccio’s system does not produce an image of an organ. Instead, a computer displays a sequence of bands showing the amount of interference at different frequencies, with tumors generating strong interference at around 400 megahertz. In clinical trials, the scanner was able to predict prostate tumours in 93 per cent of cases that were later confirmed by biopsy.

Category:      Medical Technology
Source:         Adapted from: New Scientist, June 11, 2003
Words:         250

手提式扫描器可以探测肿瘤

此事听起来好得简直令人难以相信，然而两份独立的研究报告似乎表明，探测人员人们通过与搜查飞机乘客的金属探测器相类似的手提式装置对人体进行扫描，可以探测到肿瘤。

该消息为研发低价、快速且无侵害性的大规模检查技术展示了前景。

意大利伯罗那大学（the University of Bologna）的物理学家克拉布鲁诺•维德鲁希欧（Clarbruno Vedruccio）在设计了一个探测非金属地雷和可塑炸药的仪器之后，产生了发明扫描器的念头。他想到扫描器或许也能够找到人体内的癌组织。

这种被称为“轻型探测器”（Trimprobe）——“组织共振干涉仪“（Tissue Resonance Interferometer）的简称——的装置是一根白色塑料棒，里面有一天线能发出一束微波，其频率的变化范围在400兆赫到1350兆赫之间。

人们只要将该棒从身上擦过即可使用——无需让病人更衣。维德鲁希欧说，“轻型探测器”的电磁信号在碰到生物组织时会以一定的频率产生共振，并发出一种信号，干涉到达的源信号。这时探测器里的接收天线会探测到干涉量。

与“磁共振成像”（MRI）扫描器不同的是，维德鲁希欧设计的装置没有显示器官的成像。相反地，电脑展现出一连串显示不同频率干涉量的频带，而肿瘤产生的强烈干涉频率大约在400兆赫左右。在临床实验中，这种扫描器能够预测93%的前列腺肿瘤病历，这在后来得到了活组织检查的证实。

No.5

INTRODUCTION

The worldwide telecommunications revolution has provided us with the ability to communicate with each other instantly, anywhere in the world.

But it has also created the need to adopt a new approach to managing the traditional costs of network sales and operations, via a link between the customer and the telephone company… to streamline billing, connection, and customer handling procedures, while growing the customer base.

Service Provision is a fresh concept in telecommunications marketing, where wholesale revenue is generated for the telephone company by the purchase of ‘bulk’ network time, which is on-sold by the service provider to its customer base.

In a ‘win-win’ solution, the customer, the dealer and the network operator all benefit. Sophisticated information technology (IT) takes in all the variables of the individual customer’s requirements and provides on-going growth solutions to future billings.

Our company leads the world in Service Provision … a company with the experience and resources to maintain its position at the forefront of this exciting field.

MISSION STATEMENT

Our mission statement forms the basis of the company’s global strategy:

- To maintain its position as the world’s leading independent Service Provider by generating continued growth through profitability.

- To continually improve the quality of service by ensuring at all times that its customers’ needs and expectations are fully satisfied.

- To deliver the most advanced telecommunications products by maintaining our customers’ position at the forefront of technology. And …

- To provide timely, efficient and courteous service through a highly qualified, motivated workforce, by following clearly defined training programs.

Category: Business
Source:     NAATI “An Insight Into Translation” Workshop
Words:     259

参考译文：前   言

 全球电信革命使我们能够在世界任何地方随时进行相互联系。
 但是这场革命也提出了一种要求：在扩大顾客群的同时，在网络销售和运营的传统管理方面采用新的方法;通过顾客与电话公司之间的连接提高收费、联系以及顾客服务的效率。
 “提供服务”是电信销售的一个新鲜概念。在这里，电话公司的批发收入是通过购买“大量”的网络时间、然后再由服务提供商转售给它的顾客群来创造的。
 根据“双赢”解决的概念，顾客、经销商和网络经营者都有获利。高端的信息技术（IT）正是注意到了个别顾客要求的所有可变因素，并不间断地迅速解决未来收费的问题。
 我们的公司在根据提供服务方面领先于世界……本公司依靠经验和策略在这个令人振奋的领域里保持领先地位。
 我们的使命宣言是本公司全球战略的基础：
• 创造利润、促进持续性发展，使本公司继续成为全世界最主要的自主经营的服务组织。
• 永远保证充分满足本公司顾客的要求和期望，继续改善服务质量。
• 确保顾客位于技术领域的前列，提交最先进的电信产品。
• 根据目的明确的培训项目，通过一支完全合格的，积极的工作队伍提供及时、有效和殷勤的服务。

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